Life of John Dalton :: essays research papers

John Dalton John Dalton, born 6th September 1766, is known for developing the theory of the elements and compounds atomic mass and weights and his research in colour blindness. He was born in Eaglesfield, Cumberland (now know as Cumbria). In school he was so successful that at the age of 12 he became a Teacher. In 1785 he became one of the principles and in 1787 he made a journal that was later made into a book, describing his thoughts on mixtures of gases and how each gas acted independently and the mixtures pressure (which is the same as the gases volume if it had one). Therefore the law of partial pressures was made. It is said that in 1790, Dalton?s aims were to pick up in law or medicine, but he got no encouragement from his family. In 1793 he moved to Manchester where he was appointed Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at a Dissenting New College. He stayed there until 1799 when he made his own academy. In 1794 he was elected a member of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society. There he read his papers and identified the phenomenon of colour blindness, which he and his brother shared. When showed a colour spectrum besides blue and purple Dalton was only able to recognise one other colour, yellow. Or as he says ?that part of the image which others call red appears to me little more than a shade or deflect of light. After that the orange, yellow and green seem one colour which descends pretty uniformly from an intense to a rare yellow, making what I should call different shades of yellow? In 1801 he argued that the atmosphere was filled with mechanical gases and that the chemical reactions between the nitrogen and oxygen played no part in the atmosphere?s construction. To prove this he conducted a lot of experiments on the solubility of gases in water. This showed that dissolved gases were mechanically mixed with the water and weren?t mixed naturally. But in 1803 it was found that this depended on the weight of the individual particles of the gas or atoms. By assuming the particles were the same size Dalton was able to develop the idea of atomic weights. In 1803 this theory was finalised and stated that (1) all matter is made up of the smallest possible particles termed atoms, (2) atoms of a given element have unique characteristics and weight, and (3) three types of atoms exist: simple (elements), compound (simple molecules), and complex (complex molecules).

Manging Time as an Adult Learner Essay

Being able to manage time as an adult is sometimes very difficult. Learning how to defeat this speed bump is truly easier than it looks. There are many types of learning, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. The following essay will show you the simple ways of making learning easier and more fun for adult students. Motivation is generally defined as the force that compels us to action (Scuderi, Royale 2012). Finding the motivation to learn is hard for several students. There are several ways to get motivated to learn. The first step for a student is to master their motivation. To accomplish this you create a vision of who you want to be, and then live into that picture as if it were already true (Chandler, Steve 2001). The problem with self motivation is that it is directly affected by age, marital status, and many other factors. For example, a single adult could have trouble focusing on work due to thoughts of weekend activities; where as a married adult may be focused on family time. Motivation is very important in everyday life. There are 6 different types of motivation that can be used by adult students. The first type incentive is when a person is expecting to gain some type of reward in exchange for their accomplished goals (Scuderi et al. , 2012). The second type is fear and is often used when the incentive fails to work (Scuderi et al. , 2012). The third, achievement, goes along with human nature, because people are driven to achieve goals and be the best at what they do (Scuderi et al. , 2012). Growth is the fourth type and is defined by the need to improve and expand knowledge (Scuderi et al. , 2012). The fifth type of motivation is power. According to Scuderi (2012); â€Å"the motivation of power can either take the form of a desire for autonomy or other desire to control others around us† (para. 7). The sixth type of motivation is social. This type is used by persons desire to be accepted by a specific peer group or to relate to people in their sphere of influence (Scuderi et al. , 2012). Knowing the types of motivation is important to learning, however, now it is up to the individual person to choose what type works for them. To find out what type to use is based on the social status of the person. For example, a single adult would use a different type of motivation than a married adult. Age and life experience would also be a part of the way an adult learner motivates themselves. No one can tell an adult how to motivate themselves, that is something they have to figure out themselves. The next step in preparing for college as an adult is figuring out what style of learning to use. According to Blackett & Weiss (2011); â€Å"A learning style can be defined as how you take in information, process it, and learn it† (ch. 3). The next thing to do is identify the different types of learning. The first and most common learning style is visual. Around 40% of all learners are visual learners (Blackett, K. & Weiss, P. 2011). If a student is a visual learner, they are likely to watch videos, look at pictures or graphs, even watch the body language of the instructor (Blackett & Weiss et al. , 2011). The next type of learning is the auditory learner, this covers about 30% of all learners (Blackett & Weiss et al. , 2011). These students learn best by listening to lectures or verbal directions as well (Blackett & Weiss et al. , 2011). A helpful tip for students that learn by listening is to bring an audio recorder to class. The last type of learning is the kinetic/tactile and covers around 15% of all learners (Blackett & Weiss et al. , 2011). These types of students learn best by hands-on work or physical activity (Blackett & Weiss et al. , 2011). A few ways to prepare for class with this type of learning is to; do your assignment more than once or work on one subject at a time (Blackett & Weiss et al. , 2011). Since the types of learning have been discovered, there has to be a way to ind which one works best for the individual student. Do not worry; there is a way to find out by taking a simple test. Upon completion of the test, the student should know what kind of learning style fits them best (Blackett & Weiss et al. , 2011). It is possible to have more than one learning style too. No matter what style of learning students use; these styles can change based on your personality and environment. If a student stil l has trouble learning then the student should turn to a tutor (Blackett & Weiss et al. , 2011). Now that we have learned the different types of motivation and learning, it is time to learn some tips to help as an adult learner. As Xponents. com (2012) explained Adult learners are different from their younger counterparts. They prefer to be self directed, they have accumulated a broader spectrum of life and work experience, they are goal and relevancy oriented, and they have a greater sense of immediacy than the typical high school graduate. (para. 2) One of the tips that can help adult learners is to develop time management. Making personal time to study is very important (xponents. om, 2012). A student should always treat their study time like it is class time (xponents. com, 2012). In modern times, if a person is considered a â€Å"multitasker†; more than likely that individual is looked up to. However, multitasking as an adult student can miss important information or even getting things mixed up (xponents. com, 2012). The next tip that can help you is to teach what y ou have learned to another person. It is helpful because it translates information into the persons own words and gauges others interpretation of what you have presented (xponents. com, 2012). Lastly, always look to keep learning and trying new things. A person’s brain is like a muscle, if it is not worked out enough then it can become weak (xponents. com, 2012). Students should always look to better themselves. The last bit of advice this paper will give the adult student is how to take college as a military service member. The kind of life style soldier students live can make it hard to be successful. While in the military, a student can pursue a degree or professional certification while at home, at sea, or even from a remote duty station (Military Advantage, Inc. 1999). Most of the time that soldiers are taking college courses, it will be online learning. Here are some tips to set a soldier up for success. The courses can be given by internet, video, audio, or print. So they need to make sure to test the components needed before the class starts (Military Advantage, Inc. 1999). Preparing for the class can be difficult. Single or married a soldier should talk to their roommate about certain quite times in order to complete the assigned work (Military Advantage, Inc. 1999). When the soldier is in a virtual classroom, they should still act like it is a real class room (Military Advantage, Inc. 999). The last thing is to be sure to get the course materials in advance (Military Advantage, Inc. 1999). Time management is a must for a soldier student. Married or single, the soldier needs to set up a regular study schedule that includes breaks (Military Advantage, Inc. 1999). Just because the soldier is taking online classes does not mean they cannot get tutoring, so do not try to learn everything alone (Military Advantage, Inc. 1999). If the student happens to be married then make plans with the spouse to take over some the chores around the house (Military Advantage, Inc. 999). Set aside some time on the weekend to spend with the kids or spouse, and plan ahead so there is no last minute cramming (Military Advantage, Inc. 1999). The following paper was written to inform adult students on how easy it can be to go to school for the first time, or even go back and finish. The person reading this should only take the information as a guideline and remember there is nothing wrong with asking other students or teachers for help. School can be fun if the person takes full advantage of the many ways to learn.

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The Fall Of House Of Usher, By Edgar Allan Poe - 1603 Words

As I have shown in the previous paragraphs of Cole and Poe, they are very different people who have had contrary life experiences . Yet their works are still very similar. To further prove my case I shall use some of their works as examples. Edgar Allan Poe s â€Å"The Fall of House of Usher† and Thomas Cole s â€Å"Vesper Hymn† will be the first two works of art that are comparable. Poe s â€Å"The Fall of House of Usher† possesses all of the Gothic elements like a haunted house, dreary landscape, unknown sickness, and multiple personalities. The creepiest part of this story is its vagueness. There is no way of telling where the house is exactly or when the story takes place. Poe uses an unethical approach in this story, he asks us to question the reasons both for Roderick’s decision to contact the narrator in this time of need and the bizarre tenacity of narrator’s response (sparknotes.com). While Poe uses standard Gothic tale building blocks, he contrasts this with sudden and unexpected distributions. The story begins without complete explanation of the narrator’s motives for arriving at the house of Usher, and this ambiguity sets the tone for a plot that continually blurs the real and the fantastic (sparknotes.com). Poe makes the house seem like a monstrous character. It prevents the other characters from moving and acting freely. Almost like the house is controlling the fate of the protagonist. Not only does the narrator get trapped inside the mansion, but we learn also thatShow MoreRelatedThe Fall Of The House Of Usher By Edgar Allan Poe1570 Words   |  7 Pagesingenious Edgar Allan Poe. A prime example of Poe’s spectacular work with single effect would be in the classic short story â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† which was published in 1839 and holds much critical acclaim. In the story, the narrator visits an old, mentally disintegrating friend and his dying sister in a house that invokes an xiety with mere proximity. While the whole tale is wrought with single effect, the most defining creepiness of the story was brought to life through Roderick Usher. ThroughRead MoreThe Fall Of The House Of Usher By Edgar Allan Poe Essay1333 Words   |  6 PagesEdgar Allan Poe is known for his poetry and short stories especially his tales of mystery and morbidity he was one of the countries first practitioners of short stories such as the Fall in the House of Usher many of his poems and short stories is said to have been inspired by Poe’s real and tumultuous life, in â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† Edgar Allan Poe uses sound, feeling and sight imagery to create and explore an atmosphere of horror and to convey to the reader the idea that fear coalescedRead MoreThe Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allan Poe1438 Words   |  6 PagesThe Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allan Poe The mind is a complicated thing. Not many stories are able to portray this in such an interesting manner as in Edgar Allan Poes The Fall of the House of Usher. The haunting story of a man and his sister, living in the old family mansion. But as all should know, much symbolism can be found in most of Poes works. The Fall of the House of Usher is no exception. First of all, we have the symbolisme of Roderick Ushers mind and the House ofRead MoreThe Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allan Poe668 Words   |  3 PagesThe Fall of the house of Usher Literary Analysis A â€Å"Royal house† refers to the Royal family’s members. The house becomes a representation of the family as the reputation of the house relies on the family’s actions and status. The Usher family was at one time a great family in the upper tier of society which is why they titled their family and home â€Å"the house of Usher.† Edgar Allan Poe uses this symbol to draw in the reader by giving the house of Usher human like characteristics similar to Lady MadelineRead MoreThe Fall Of The House Of Usher By Edgar Allan Poe1216 Words   |  5 PagesEdgar Allan Poe is a famous short story writer who writes many short stories, novels, and poems in the 19th century. Although he is obviously a very prolific writer, he is most famous for his macabre literature. This literature of his is best known for its melancholy descriptions that establish a setting and mood that contribute to the overall tale. Poe’s goal through his literature is to evoke horror into the reader’s mind. In â€Å"The Fall of The House of Usher,† Poe presents the demise of a distinguishedRead MoreThe Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allan Poe946 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allan Poe is known for the suspenseful and mysterious nature in his short stories, and to achieve this he uses repetitive symbolism. In the â€Å"Fall of the House of Usher†, the narrator gets a letter from an old friend saying that he needs his help. When he arrives he starts to hear voices that eventually cause the house to fall and results in the death of usher and Madeline. Poes â€Å"The fall of the House of Usher† portrays a melancholy setting and utilizes a motif of the supernatural, howeverRead MoreThe Fall Of The House Of Usher By Edgar Allan Poe896 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allen Poe is well-known for his frightening and disturbing short stories. He portrays his characters in unforeseen circumstances that create an eerie atmosphere, and this then leads t o unsettling actions. In his famous short story, The Fall of the House of Usher, Edgar Allan Poe utilizes dark mood, dreary allegory, and mysterious symbolism to create the thrill and suspense. The mood of the characters set the intensity of fear and gloom, while the story of the Ushers follows psychologicalRead MoreThe Fall Of The House Of Usher By Edgar Allan Poe1159 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† by Edgar Allan Poe is an ominous tale, told in retrospect, of a man who visited an old friend, Roderick Usher, who was dying of a mental illness. This visit was quite different then how the narrator believed it would be. The narrator explained the â€Å"insufferable gloom† he felt when he saw the mansion, and this dreary feeling only grew stronger the longer he stayed (Poe 1265). The narrator endured the bleak time with his old friend whoseRead MoreThe Fall Of The House Of Usher By Edgar Allan Poe1104 Words   |  5 PagesThe Fall of the House of Usher Edgar Allan Poe is best known for his unnerving and suspenseful writings, and â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† is no exception. Just like Poe’s other clever writings, â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† portrays a sense of fear and paranoia yet also a touch of curiosity with his extraordinary descriptions about the setting and characters, along with the tone. Poe does a magnificent job creating an eerie tone while describing the setting. Even in the first paragraph ofRead MoreThe Fall of the House of Usher, by Edgar Allan Poe785 Words   |  4 Pagesis a relation which relates itself to its own self.† I understand The Fall of the House of Usher in these terms; the story is a description of the sick self, the sick spirit, the mortally morbid human. The title provides a reasonable summary of the story: the subject is the House of Usher and what happens to the House is a fall. That would be simple enough, but matters are complicated by the fact that the phrase â€Å"House of Usher† has more than one meaning; the phrase can mean, â€Å"both the family and

Environmental Influences On Childhood Obesity - 1717 Words

Why is it Sociological Social? Obesity has become a large and dark reality in United States. For someone who does not have sociological imagination being overweight is the result of bad personal choices or genetic predisposition. (Crosnoe) Cultural beliefs and practices related to food and feeding vary among ethnic groups, and these differences may contribute to different patterns of obesity in children and youth, related to their ethnicity. As described in the epidemiological overview show higher than average obesity prevalence in non-Hispanic, black and Mexican American children compared to non-Hispanic white children at most ages. In boys excess obesity ages 2 through 11 compared to girls ages 6 through 19. (Kumanyika 61-70) Environmental influences on childhood obesity is a socio-cultural environment. Highlighted data section the aspects of socio-cultural environments of U.S. ethnic groups favor obesity development. Overweight may be viewed as a problem only when it is clearly linked to health problems. These types of attitudes about large body size may apply to any population where excess fat is only seen. The observation that childhood obesity is more prevalent in ethnic minority populations is likely to reflect differences in combination of factors. (Kumanyika 61-70) †¦.Overweight and obesity are advancing rapidly in the developing world as well†¦ [While] 80 percent of world’s hungry children live in countries with food surpluses. (World Watch Institute) WhatShow MoreRelatedObesity : Obesity And Genetics1267 Words   |  6 Pagesample statistics of obesity in the past decades has motivated researchers to conduct more studies to find out if obesity is genetic or if it is a learned behavior. Obesity has always existed in our population, but recent studies have taken an increment to make comparative data between obesity and genetics. Moreover, studies are trying to find strategies for the prevention of weight gain to help public health and avoid the rising of obesity. As consequences, childhood obesity has developed an epidemicRead MoreChildhood Obesity : Obesity And Obesity1505 Words   |  7 PagesChildhood Obesity Introduction Childhood Obesity has become more critical public health issue worldwide. However, obesity ratio varies from country to country. In addition, up to a quarter of Australian children are suffering from childhood obesity and obese children are at higher risk to become obese adult. For this reason, child’s weight always matters because it can impact on their health in future. There may be many reasons which affect childhood obesity including sedentary life style, lack ofRead MoreFactors Contributing Factors That Causes Obesity Among Children Essay1369 Words   |  6 PagesChildhood obesity is a major health issue that takes place when a child is beyond the average weight for his or her age and height (Mayo Clinic, 2014). According to Sameera and Amar childhood obesity is a major public health crisis nationally and internationally, which arises because of the differences in lifestyle consequences among different cultural people in New Zealand (2012). This abnormality can cause var ious health risks such as diabetes and heart disease (World Health Organisation, 2014)Read MoreChildhood Obesity. Childhood Obesity Is A Growing Problem1085 Words   |  5 PagesChildhood Obesity Childhood obesity is a growing problem in the United States. Childhood obesity is defined as a child being at or above the 95th percentile for the child’s age and sex (Dietz, 1998). According to the Center of Disease Control â€Å"Childhood obesity has more than doubled in children and quadrupled in adolescents in the past 30 years. The percentage of children aged 6–11 years in the United States who were obese increased from 7% in 1980 to nearly 18% in 2012† (CDC, 2017). There areRead MoreChildhood Obesity And Its Effects On Children And Adolescents1427 Words   |  6 Pageswell as physical inactivity, results in an energy imbalance and can lead to a major social issue of childhood obesity. The World Health Organization defines childhood obesity as a ‘serious medical condition consisting in excess body fat that affects children and adolescents.’ To address this problem, assessing the factors that have been suggested as contributing to the developm ent of childhood obesity is vital. Some of these include genetic factors, declining levels of physical activity, increasedRead MoreFactors Contributing Factors That Causes Obesity Among Children Essay1364 Words   |  6 PagesWhat are the causes of obesity among children in New Zealand? Introduction Childhood obesity is a serious medical condition that occurs when a child is well above the normal weight for his or her age and height (Mayo Clinic, 2014). According to Sameera and Amar childhood obesity is a major public health crisis nationally and internationally, which arises because of the differences in lifestyle consequences among different cultural people in New Zealand (2012). This abnormality can cause various healthRead MoreThe Socio Ecological Model Of Childhood Obesity Essay1660 Words   |  7 Pagesare complicit in producing higher rates of obesity and its associated diseases among New Zealanders, particularly in children. Childhood obesity is widely regarded as a significant health concern in New Zealand (NZ), owing to its growing national prevalence, its links to long term ill-health, and high economic burden on the health system. A socio-ecological model can be used to demonstrate how environments, ranging from individual to societal, influence personal behaviours, everyday lifestyle choicesRead MoreChildhood Obesity Essay examples1472 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica childhood obesity was rarely a topic of conversation. A survey done in the early 1970s showed that 6.1% of children between the ages 12 and 19 were overweight. Eight years later the same survey was done and 17.4% were considered overweight (Iannelli). â€Å"Childhood obesity epidemic in America is now a confirmed fact since the number of overweight or obese children has more than tripled during the last 30 years† (Childhood Obesity Epidemic). â€Å"Over the last 20 years, the prevalence of obesity in childrenRead MoreObesity : The Body Mass Index Essay1699 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Obesity can be defined as an abnormal increase in the proportion of fat cells, mainly in the viscera and subcutaneous tissues of the body (Mosby, 2010). The official medical measure of obesity is the body mass index (BMI), an index of an individual’s weight relative to height. The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines obesity as having a BMI greater than or equal to 30 (World Health Organisation, 2015). New Zealand (NZ) ranks 3rd highest for obesity rates amongst OECD (OrganisationRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Obesity1247 Words   |  5 PagesChildhood Obesity: A Review to Prevent the Risk Factors of Childhood Obesity in Our Community. The rates of childhood obesity Worldwide are alarmingly high! Obesity is a global nutritional concern and leads to horrible consequences on our children and becomes a worldwide pandemic. Worldwide estimates of obesity are as high as 43 million, and rates continue to increase each year. In this study, people will find healthy tips to prevent childhood overweight or obesity to help children in our communities

Case Analysis Global Payments Breach Free Essays

Table of Contents Executive Summary3 Company Background3 Security Breach3 Cost of Security Breach3 Closer Look at Control Issues4 Steps to mitigate data breach4 Conclusion6 References6 Executive Summary A data breach at a credit card payments processing firm Global Payments potentially impacted 1. 5 million credit and debit card numbers from major card brands Visa, MasterCard, Discover and American Express (money. cnn. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Analysis: Global Payments Breach or any similar topic only for you Order Now com) in April 2012. Company Background Founded in 1967, Global Payments (NYSE:GPN) is one of the largest electronic transaction processing company based out of Atlanta, GA and operations in several European and APAC regions. The company provides business-to-business card payment and processing solutions for major card issuers such as Visa, Master Card, Amex and Discover. The company also performs terminal management and electronic check conversion. Security Breach Exactly a year ago, in March 2012 the company was hit by a massive security breach of its credit card payment processing servers impacting more than 1. 5 million customers (nytimes. com). The company reported unauthorized access to its processing system resulting in data transfer of 1,500,000 card numbers. According to the company report, data stolen includes name, social security number and the business bank account designated for payment processing or deposit services. As a result of unauthorized access to the company’s servers millions of customer confidential records got exported. Cost of Security Breach While this data breach is not the largest of the cases, Global Payments data breach turned out to be a $93. 9 million deal according to the company’s Jan 8th 2013 quarterly report (bankinfosecurity. com). This is mainly spent in enhancing security and ensure compliance with Payment Card Industry Data Security standard. The company hired a qualified security assessor (QSA) that conducted an independent review of the PCI-DSS compliance of Global Payments systems and advised many remediation steps for its systems and processes. The company also paid fines related to non-compliance and has reached to an understanding with several card networks. The majority of the expenses, $60 million were originated out of professional fees while $35. 9 million was estimated to be fraud losses, fines and other charges imposed by credit and debit card networks. However the company received $2 million in insurance recoveries. There could be additional expenses of $25 to $35 million in reminder of 2013 due to investigation, remediation and PCI compliance. Closer Look at Control Issues While the company would like to conceal finer details of the investigation a closer look into this case clearly reveals a fraud triangle of pressure, rationalization and opportunity. It is highly likely that an insider played a major role in exposing security vulnerabilities of the company’s information technology systems and lack of proper monitoring mechanisms. Lack of proper internal controls resulted in the insider making use of the opportunity to commit fraud. The case clearly indicates that either system monitoring mechanism was inadequate and could not prevent the data thief to get access to PCI data. It is not clear whether high level data encryption was implemented for personal data such as social security numbers and bank accounts. Steps to mitigate data breach A number of precautionary and data protection measures should be taken to ensure PCI compliance and prevent such a massive data theft (sans. rg). 1. Establish multiple levels of data security specifically for personal information such as customer account numbers, social security numbers, customer addresses, phone numbers etc. , This includes creating authorization algorithms and every data retrieval gets logged and reported. 2. The data should be encrypted by utilizing best of data encryption methodologies to protect both data at rest and in transit. Data at rest is the infor mation residing in database and file servers and even in personal computers. On the ther hand, data in transit refers to data moving across local and wide area networks. 3. Identifying all the sensitive data that needs encryption is the first step in protecting data based on the data classification policies. 4. Locate data at rest and data in motion and then apply techniques such as eradication i. e. removal of unnecessary data lying in file systems or personal PCs; obfuscation of data to ensure it is not in readily readable format and finally encrypt by employing industry standard data encryption techniques. 5. Follow PCI-DSS requirements for financial data . PIN blocks, CVV2 and CVC2 card verification data cannot be stored at any time. b. All sensitive information must be encrypted during transmission over networks that are main targets for hackers. c. Ensure that security related technology is resistant to tampering and do not disclose any security related documentation. d. Ensur e sound and practical policies around data generation, updates, deletion, storage and archival of cryptographic keys e. Ensure that data exchange is conducted over a trusted path that follows high controls and confirms to authenticity of content. Conclusion The numbers of cyber threats are increasing at an alarming level and a small overlook on company’s behalf is enough for hackers to steal confidential data and put consumers at risk. In today’s high tech world of information technology customers information is at high risk of breach and any company both private or public involved in dealing with financial data has to ensure highest level of regulatory compliance to protect consumers interest, maintain their trust and finally run as an ongoing concern References 1. Jessica Silver-Greenburg, Nelson D Schwartz (March 30 2012). â€Å"Master Card and Visa Investigate Data Breach† New York Times. Retrieved 2013-03-17. 2. Information Security Group (January 10 2013). â€Å"Global Payments Breach Tab: $94 million†. www. bankofsecurity. com. Retrieved 2013-03-17. 3. Julianne Pepitone (April 3 2012). â€Å"1. 5 million Card numbers at risk from hack†. www. money. cnn. com. Retrieved 2013-03-17 4. Dave Shackleford (November 2007). â€Å"Regulations and Standards: Where Encryption Applies†. www. sans. org/reading/analyst_program/encryption_Nov07. pdf How to cite Case Analysis: Global Payments Breach, Papers

African Women Opposing Gender Inequality Essay Example For Students

African Women Opposing Gender Inequality Essay In the novel â€Å"So Long A Letter† by Mariama Ba, is written in the form of a few short letters and pieced together in the form of a novel. It talks about a woman that experiences gender inequality, because of her culture, and how she struggles to escape the bonds that are tying her to be a victim of this. The novel begins with Ramatoulaye, a Senegalese woman who shares her troubles with her childhood best friend Aissatou through letters. First, she reminds her friend Aissatou of how long they’ve met. Then she recounts what has happened, and tells the tragic news that her husband (Modou) had died, and how she has to manage everything. Shortly after her husband’s death, she faces Tamsir (Modou’s brother) who proposes that she be his 4th wife. She also has to deal with the co-wife who was formerly her daughter’s friend. She has been forced to deal with Binetou (co-wife) for the last 5 years and later on, in the novel, she also has to confront Aissat ou her daughter namesake of her best friend, as she finds out that her daughter’s pregnant. Through the novel, Ramatoulaye represents the African women, and what they should do to break free of the gender inequality that’s affecting them. In their household, only the men make the decisions, and the women are never asked for their opinions. For example, when Ramatoulaye is mourning her husband’s death, Tamsir just approaches her without even giving so much as a hind that he wants her to be his wife. For the first time, she promises herself that â€Å"This time shall speak out.† (Ba 60) For a long time, she hasn’t opposed anything or anyone, so this time she chooses to not hold back her emotions any longer. Her voice must be heard because â€Å" voice has known thirty years of silence, thirty years of harassment. It bursts out, violent, sometimes sarcastic, sometimes contemptuous.† (Ba 60) After turning down Tamsir’s offer of being his wife, she tries to smooth things over between her former lover, Daouda Dieng who is a politician an d is married with children. If Ramatoulaye had not experienced polygamy, then she might consider Daouda, but since she had, she didn’t want to tear another family apart. When Daouda confesses his feelings for her, which hasn’t changed in the past years, Ramatoulaye confesses that even though she too likes him, she can’t start a relationship with someone who’s â€Å"wife and children further complicates the situation.† (Ba 71) When Ramatoulaye learns that she has just become another part of the system of polygamy, she â€Å"forces to check inner agitation† (Ba 39) and to appear to not be stressed out by the news. In the above example of polygamy, it is shown that onlyh the men can have more than one wife, whereas if the women have two husbands, the society will consider it as an abnormal thing. Also, in the novel, education is another example of gender inequality. If the females go to school and study, the â€Å"school turns our girls into devils who lure our men away from the right path† (Ba 17) they will be seen through society’s eyes as an outcast. For Aissatou, she couldn’t be a goldsmith because â€Å"Each profession has its code, known only the initiated and transmitted from father to son!† (Ba 18) Almost all of the females that want a job, can’t have one, because their job will be affected bythe simple reason, that they are females. In conclusion, throughout the novel, there are many examples of gender inequality ,and sometimes Senegal isn’t the only place that experiences gender inequality. Throughout the world gender inequality is still happening, and it should be stopped.