How Bingeing Became the New College Sport Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How Bingeing Became the New College Sport - Essay Example The author’s point of view is that this excessive drinking stems from the legal position, where students below the age of 21 cannot legally buy or consume alcohol, and it is is this repressive legal issue that is the main cause of the binge drinking seen in colleges. My experience in this aspect of excessive drinking in colleges is second hand, as I do not consume alcohol. I have seen my peers and friends indulging in such drinking, confirming the claim of the author. I have not come across any incident of excessive drinking causing an immediate and severe health problem. Still, I have seen and experienced the consequences of this excessive drinking at parties in the evening. It is not uncommon to see some of the participants coming to parties having consumed a lot of drink in their rooms, in the belief that it would help create a more lively atmosphere at the parties, but exactly the opposite happening, with their inability to be a part of it in their inebriated state. Some pass out, and some others throw up, and the rest more a less making a nuisance of themselves. I have heard of instances of unfortunate sexual experiences occurring when it was not meant to happen, but with alcohol dulling the appropriate senses, inappropriate actions take place. Alcohol in small quantities may help in brightening up party atmospheres, but the binge drinking in the rooms of students is seldom light and does create problems not just to those who consume it, but also to those who happen to be in the environment. Alcohol consumption by students below the age of twenty-one in their rooms in what is known as ‘pre-gaming’, is becoming a common practice in colleges. This excessive consumption of alcohol has even posed severe health risks to these students. Students below twenty-one tend to drink excessively in their rooms, as they are legally not allowed to buy or consume alcohol.  

The stagnant MP Essay Example for Free

The stagnant MP Essay Hence, given the stagnant MP, plus the fact that the bailout is being financed by foreign borrowing and by printing, there is no question that the dollar will fall. Since 2000, the dollar has lost 40% of its value against the Euro. In the chart below, the dollar is compared with the Euro during the bailout from 28 December 2007 to 27 January 2008. The below graph does indicate some recovery of the dollar against te Euro, but there can be no doubt as to the long term weakness of the US currency. Apparently, there is some mild increase in confidence that the bailout might make the US economy more solvent, but the below information is too limited for a full understanding. From the beginning of the bailout until mid November of last year, the US debt increased almost $958 billion. Add to this the record breaking trade deficit of almost $1 trillion, and the dollar is in serous trouble. The increase in public debt due to the bailout out is destroying the dollar’s value. According to Asia News (2008), the US is now committed to over $8. 95 trillion dollars to the bailout. The total US economy was roughly $13 billion, with the full debt at about $10 trillion. About 61% of this debt was held by foreign investors, the majority Asian. Since trillions of dollars are held by Asian investors, and debt in the US (both private and public) reaches levels of complete insolvency, the Asians will insist on eliminating dollars as a method of doing business and hence, the dollar will not only loose value, but collapse, leading to a crisis of Argentinian proportions in 2009 (Asia News, 2008). This year, the same author at Asia News writes: â€Å"But Asia now understands that the increase of money supply decreases the intrinsic value of a currency. That is why China is seeking a possible and rational attempt to decouple Asian currencies from the dollar, as recent news stories report. (Asia News, 2009). Hence, the math is simple: too many dollars in circulation, too much printing by the Fed to create the bailout liquidity means the devaluation and eventual collapse of the dollar, and the US taxpayer is powerless over the private Fed as well as the foreign investors that are publically now saying they will eliminate dollar reserves. The reality is this: once there is a sense that a country is insolvent, and that it simply cannot pay its debts, compounded by a massive bailout that the country cannot possibly finance on its own, investors run to get rid of dollars. Even worse, capital fight can result, where money begins leaving the insolvent country, in this case the US, investing instead in Russia, China, Thailand or the EU. Hence, the bailout is merely the tail end of a long fall in th US dollar, a powerful symbol of the US government and corporate governance to control investment and spending.. Appendix: Chart of the dollar against the Euro: Source: Exchange Rates. org. References: Maurizio, D’Orlando. â€Å"US Debt Approaches Insolvency: Chinese Currency Reserves at Risk. ’ Asia News. December 19, 2009 _______. â€Å"Chinese Yuan Set to Replace Dollar. † Asia News. January 3, 2009 Perry, John. â€Å"Fed Keeps Banks Afloat in Money Market. † Reuters. September 25, 2008. Corbett, John. â€Å"Bailout by Stealth. † The Corbett Report. September 30, 2008. Beck, Frank. â€Å"Time to Devalue the Us Dollar. † Forbes. Devember, 2008 Engdahl, William. â€Å"Federal Reserve Sets Stage for Weimar Style Inflation. † Globalia Magazine. February 2, 2008 Rodgers, Lee. â€Å"Elite Can’t Bail Out Everyone. † Funny Money Report. September 17, 2008. Warring, David. â€Å"Arguments for and Against the Bailout. † Informed Trades. November, 2008. The Center for Responsive Politics. â€Å"Banking on Becoming President. † Open Secrets Reports: October 27, 2008.

Analysis Of Multidimensional Data Using Various Methods

Analysis Of Multidimensional Data Using Various Methods Nikhil Deshmukh Abstract Data is exponentially increasing every year, business wants to analyze data more accurately and efficiently. Analyzing huge amounts of data is tedious tasks that involve considerable challenges, commitments and organizational expense. This paper provides an overview of different methods and tools to analyze data in the data warehouse. We will analyze the six dimensional data using both relational database and multidimensional method and compare the performance by calculation using actual data. Keywords- Data Warehouse; Analysis; OLAP; Relational; Multidimensional. Data warehouses contain data consolidated from several databases and are large in magnitude (sometimes in terabytes). Data warehouses are used mainly for decision ssupport applications and provide the summarized data than detailed, individual records for analyzing purpose. Some organizations are using data marts because data warehouse construction is a complicated process. Data marts contain information in the form of subsets for any specific department. On data warehouse and data marts, different data analytical methods can be used. In section II, two methods of data analysis is explained first is conventional query method or using simple SQL and second method is Multidimensional analysis and its different types. In the next section we have shown the incapability of conventional query method by taking the real world example and by comparing the performance of both on the basis of time taken to execute the operation and disk space used. A. Query and Reporting These are data query tools, this type of tool formulate stand alone query and after analyzing statically it gives result in the form of graphs. Such type of tools does not support multidimensional analysis and can execute only simple queries, they do not offer aggregation and consolidation concepts. These tools are optimum to generate request like How many number of articles do we have in the stock [1]. That is why these types of tools are called soft analysis tools. B. Multidimensional analysis In multidimensional database data is stored in the form of array table which allows fast visual representation of accumulated data. Sometimes it is necessary to model data multidimensional for complex analysis and visualization, especially in decision support system. Multidimensional view or structure can be considered as cubes, we can also call it cubes within cubes where each side of the cube is a dimension as shown in the fig (A) [4] To analyze multidimensional data OLAP (On-line analytical processing) is used. Types of OLAP are Multidimensional OLAP (MOLAP), Relational OLAP (ROLAP), Hybrid OLAP (HOLAP) and Spatial OLAP (SOLAP). 1) OLAP: This type of server enables analysts to deep dive into performance through variety of view of the data. It shows multidimensional phase of the business data through different views. OLAP operations include Pivot (change of orientation of the multidimensional view), slice and dice (selection and projection), rollup (increasing or decreasing the aggregation level) along one or more dimensions. Conceptual model of OLAP stress on aggregation as one of the key operation e.g., computing the total production by each state (or by each month) and give the ranking accordingly. Some important characteristics of OLAP is summarization, projected data, fast interactive analysis, multidimensional view, Frequently changing business model and medium to large data sets. [2] 2) MOLAP: Multidimensional OLAP directly supports the multidimensional view of the data through storage engine. This provides very good indexing properties and speed but bad utilization of space, especially in case of sparse data; example is ESSBASE (ARBOR). [4][7] 3) ROLAP: Relational OLAP are the intermediate server sits between backend server and client. It supports multidimensional OLAP query on-the-fly. It utilizes transaction and scalability feature of relational system but mismatch between both queries can create performance issue. [4][6] 4) HOLAP: Combination of MOLAP and ROLAP is HOLAP. ROLAP server gives better performance when data is not very dense and performance of MOLAP improves when data is dense. Many vendors such as Speedware and Microsoft are thus using HOLAP, storing dense regions of the cube using MOLAP and storing the rest using a ROLAP approach [3]. 5) SOLAP: This is the category of OLAP which explores the data related to space (spatial data).SOLAP integrates concept from Geographic information system (GIS) and OLAP. It is a visual platform built especially to support fast and convenient temporal analysis and analysis of data following a multidimensional approach consist of different aggregations levels available in the form of graph and tabular display. [5] To illustrate we will take 6 dimensional business model of Beverage Company. The relational schema consists of a Fact table and one table per dimension. It contains one row for each Channel (6 members), Product (1500), Market (100), Time (17), Scenario (8) and Measures (50). A simple OLAP scenario in which we need to get the actual profit and compare with the budget.[8] A. Relational Approach The number of rows in fact table is = product of dimensions =122 million, with 80 % sparsity no of rows is 24 million. If we assume 4k block size total size id 17 GB including joins. To retrieve variance between actual and budget 6 ways joins and 17 I/O will be used which will take approximate 237 hours of I/O time. This process should be repeated for all the values, It is clearly impractical to do this with relational approach.[8] B. Multidimensional Approach We will use the same model with Multidimensional database such as ESSBASE. In the Beverage company example a block will consist of time*scenario*measure*8 bytes per cell = 55k with 80% sparsity block size will be 10 GB. 55k with 80% sparsity block size will be 10 GB.s C. Comparison Table -1: Performance comparison between relational and multidimensional approach [8] Relational approach Multidimensional approach Improvement in performance Disk Space (GB) 17 10.2 1.7 The calculation of variance (Hours) 237 2 110 After calculation on 6 dimensional business model using both the approaches it can be concluded that conventional relational data base approach takes more time and disk space than multidimensional approach. It is not feasible for relational approach where requirement is complex and many dimensions have been used because of the high operating cost of processing different joins and restriction across huge number of tables. In such cases multidimensional approach should be used, Query tools can only be used in case of simple database requirements. In this paper we also looked up at the different types of multidimensional analysis methods. References       M.-P. Nachouki, V. Lambert, R. Lehn, Data warehousing tools architecture: from multidimensional analysis to data mining, vol. 00, no. , pp. 636, 1997 Surajit Chaudhuri, Umeshwar Dayal, An overview of data warehousing and OLAP technology ACM SIGMOD Record: Volume 26 Issue 1, March 1997 Kaser, Owen, Lemire, Daniel, Attribute value recording for efficient Hybrid OLAP, Information Sciences, 2006, Volume 176, Issue 16 S. Chaudhuri; U. Dayal; V. Ganti, Database technology for decision support systems IEEE Year: 2001, Volume: 34, Issue: 12 Rosa Matias; Joao Moura-Pires Spatial On-Line Analytical Processing (SOLAP): A Tool the to Analyze the Emission of Pollutants in Industrial Installations portuguese conference on artificial intelligence 2005 Agrawal S. et.al. On the Computation of Multidimensional Aggregates Proc. of VLDB Conf., 1996. S. Sarawagi, User Adaptive Exploration of OLAP Data Cubes, Proc. VLDB Conf., Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, 2000, pp. 307-316. George Colliat, OLAP, relational, and multidimensional database systems,ACM SIGMOD Record: Volume 25 Issue 3, Sept. 1996

Thoedore Roosevelt :: essays research papers

Theodore Roosevelt and the Modern Presidency I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Early Political Career Despite ridicule from his educated and respectable friends, Roosevelt entered politics immediately after graduating from Harvard College in 1880. In 1881,Roosevelt showed the strength of his intention by winning election to the New York State Assembly. He gained reelection twice before personal tragedy, On February 14,1884, in a tragic coincidence, Roosevelt’s young wife died in childbirth just hours after the death of his beloved mother. Emotionally shattered, Roosevelt left politics and fled New York for the Dakota Territory. In 1886, after a disastrous winter demolished most of his cattle herd, Roosevelt returned east to politics, his first love. For the next 12 years, he held various government positions, from Civil Service Commissioner to Assistant Secretary of the Navy. When the United States went to war against Spain in 1898, Roosevelt resigned and organized a group of volunteers called the Rough Riders. Their successful assault on San Juan Hill in Cuba made Roosevelt a National hero. He rode his new fame to victory in the 1898 race for governor of New York. II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Roosevelt and McKinley   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When President McKinley prepared to run for reelection in 1900, he needed someone to replace Garret Hobart, his first vice president, who had died in 1899.Roosevelt seemed a logical choice. Basically a man of action, Roosevelt considered the vice presidency a do-nothing position leading to political oblivion. The bosses schemed to kick Roosevelt out of New York to serve as McKinley’s vice president. After he and McKinley won the election, Roosevelt sadly wrote to a friend, â€Å"I do not expect to go any further in politics.† Wherever Roosevelt went he became the center of attention. During the late 1800s, the country had been designated by strong Congresses and relatively weak presidents. Roosevelt reversed that traditional division of power. The new president employed the considerable powers of his office and his own personal magnetism to bypass congressional opposition. In doing so, Roosevelt became the first modern president. III.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Managing Natural Resources   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1902 Roosevelt supported passage of the Newlands Reclamation Act, which authorized the use of federal funds from the sale of public lands to pay for irrigation and land development projects in the dry farms and cities of the West. Under new law, Roosevelt supported the construction of 25irrigation or reclamation projects. Roosevelt also backed efforts to save the nation’s forests by preventing shortsighted lumbering companies from overcutting. He appointed close friend Gifford Pinchot to head the U.

Photoshop: File System and Outgoing Connections

Adobe CS6 Master Collection Mac Cracks. Instructions : 1. Disconnect internet connection 2. Patch Hosts file Double click to launch â€Å"AdobeCS6PatchHostsFile† to patch hosts file to block outgoing connections, this will patch then open the hosts file to show you. You will need to enter you admin password. 3. Install Adobe CS6 Master Collection as a trial 4. IMPORTANT After install, launch each application then close it before you apply the specific application patch. This will ensure Photoshop is the Extended version 5. Apply application specific patch Double click the application specific patches to apply the â€Å"amtlib. ramework patch†, this also archives the original amtlib. framework folder in the application specific Frameworks. 6. Run â€Å"IllustratorTryoutSplashFix† This rewrites the files so the correct splash screen shows Also makes archives of originals You must only use this on a fresh copy of Illustrator Otherwise use the files in the folder â⠂¬ ¢ Disconnect from the Internet (or block outgoing connections) and install the trial version. †¢ When installing, select â€Å"Trial†! †¢ After installation, launch and complete the application once, blocking any outgoing connections. †¢ Replace (keep a copy of the original just in case) amtlib. ramework located in Application_Name. app / Contents / Frameworks / with [k'ed] one. †¢ Block outgoing connections: Open the hosts file and add the following lines: 127. 0. 0. 1 192. 150. 14. 69 127. 0. 0. 1 192. 150. 18. 101 127. 0. 0. 1 192. 150. 18. 108 127. 0. 0. 1 192. 150. 22. 40 127. 0. 0. 1 192. 150. 8. 100 127. 0. 0. 1 192. 150. 8. 118 127. 0. 0. 1 209-34-83-73. ood. opsource. net 127. 0. 0. 1 3dns-1. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 3dns-2. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 3dns-2. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 3dns-3. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 3dns-3. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 3dns-4. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 3dns. dobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 activate-sea. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 activ ate-sea. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 activate-sjc0. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 activate-sjc0. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 activate. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 activate. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 activate. wip. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 activate. wip1. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 activate. wip2. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 activate. wip3. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 activate. wip3. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 activate. wip4. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 adobe-dns-1. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 adobe-dns-2. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 adobe-dns-2. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 adobe-dns-3. dobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 adobe-dns-3. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 adobe-dns-4. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 adobe-dns. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 adobe-dns. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 adobe. activate. com 127. 0. 0. 1 adobeereg. com 127. 0. 0. 1 crl. verisign. net 127. 0. 0. 1 CRL. VERISIGN. NET. * 127. 0. 0. 1 ereg. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 ereg. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 ereg. wip. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 ereg. wip1. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 ereg. wip2. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 ereg. wip3. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 ereg. wip3. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 ereg. wip4. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 hl2rcv. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 ood. psource. net 127. 0. 0. 1 practivate. adobe 127. 0. 0. 1 practivate. adobe. * 127. 0. 0. 1 practivate. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 practivate. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 practivate. adobe. ipp 127. 0. 0. 1 practivate. adobe. newoa 127. 0. 0. 1 practivate. adobe. ntp 127. 0. 0. 1 tss-geotrust-crl. thawte. com 127. 0. 0. 1 wip. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 wip1. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 wip2. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 wip3. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 wip3. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 wip4. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 wwis-dubc1-vip60. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 wwis-dubc1-vip60. adobe. com 127. 0. 0. 1 wwis-dubc1-vip60. adobe. com

Essential Elements of a Contract

Essential Elements of a Contract The importance of clear understanding of various essentials of a contract is critical in business world. This has been evident in times of dispute in any given transaction. The cases taken to court require that all critical essentials of a contract must have been in place. Failure to proof all essentials of a contract leads to automatic nullification of any given contract.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Essential Elements of a Contract specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The key essentials are the offer, acceptance and consideration. There are other essentials of a contract such as the legal purpose, maturity of obligation, certainty of the matter and finally the existence of competent parties. An offer is the show of will to enter into a contract. The offer should contain date for it to valid. If not so the offer is deemed valid only when accepted and if rejected it ceases to be valid. For example if a party offers fo r a sale of a car and the other party heeds to the offer. The other when it calls for renegotiation it can be refused or granted the chance depending with the discretion of the one making the offer. This is due to the fact that the offer become invalid after it was rejected in the first place. The offer should also contain various specifications such as the quality, price and place of delivery among many others. If the offer is accepted and the party accepting has undertaken its obligation then the contract becomes binding on both parties. The offer can be in writing or not. Despite the aforementioned fact there are exceptions on which the offer must be in writing. The transactions on real estate or the ones which are worthy$ 500 and above must be in written offers. The person making the offer may sometimes be paid to keep the offer open (Koffman, 2007, p. 257). In such situation the offer can remain open for a period of ninety days. The other essential of a contract is the acceptan ce of the offer. This is expression of agreement with terms of the offer. This can be demonstrated by the action of customer keeping the goods or by failure to reject within a given time. The acceptance can take three ways. One of them is the conditional acceptance. Here the contract made after material change of the original offer and thus it is a counteroffer. The other form of acceptance is the expressed acceptance. In this case the offer is accepted in its original form. Finally the other form is the implied acceptance in which the acceptance is communicated by the conduct of the buyer (Richards, 2007, p. 67). For example failure to reject goods and specified time limit is taken as acceptance.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Consideration is a very key aspect of a contract. It entails a promise from one party to another after the other party fulfils a certain a ct (Richards, 2007, p107). This benefit may take form of interest, profit, right or even responsibility but it must have value. The value attached to the promise is not necessarily monetary value. The other essentials of a contract include the fact that the persons contracting are legally binding. This means that they are not for example minors. Also the subject matter which is being contracted should be legal. Contracts on illegal subject are not valid. The parties to the contract should have clear understanding of what the contract entails. Finally, the certainty of the terms of contract should be determinable (Koffman, 2007, p. 91). It is evident that good understanding of essentials of a contract is very critical in business sector. Poor knowledge in contracting means failure in business. Here we have seen various essential elements of a contract. Reference List Koffman, L. (2007). The Law of Contract. California. Bell Bain. Richards, P. (2007). Law of Contract. New York. Barne s Noble.